《植物生理学报》 2015, 51(10): 1538-1548

丛枝菌根真菌在土壤重金属污染植物修复中的作用及机理研究进展

祖艳群¹, 卢鑫^1,2, 湛方栋¹, 胡文友², 李元^1,*

¹云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 昆明650201; ²中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京210008

通信作者：李元；E-mail: liyuan@ynau.edu.cn；Tel: 0871-65227550

摘　要：

土壤重金属污染已成为人类生存和发展面临的严重问题之一。植物修复在被人们广泛接受和应用的同时, 存在植物生长慢、生物量小、修复效率低等缺点。丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)是自然界分布最广的植物共生真菌, 在促进植物修复重金属污染的土壤中发挥重要的作用。重金属污染条件下, AMF通过根外菌丝的直接作用(过滤保护根系和螯合重金属离子)、以及通过促进植物对营养元素的吸收改变根际环境和土壤重金属生物有效性, 改善植物生理代谢和生长状况等间接作用, 增强宿主植物对重金属的耐受性, 影响植物对重金属的吸收、转运和累积。本文综述了AMF应用于土壤重金属污染植物修复的研究进展, 重点介绍了AMF强化重金属植物修复中的效果及机理, 讨论了当前存在的问题和未来的研究方向。

关键词：丛枝菌根真菌; 土壤; 重金属; 植物修复

收稿：2015-07-13   修定：2015-09-04

资助：国家自然科学基金-云南联合基金项目(U1202236)和国家自然科学基金(41461093)。

A Review on Roles and Mechanisms of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals–Polluted Soils

ZU Yan-Qun¹, LU Xin^1,2, ZHAN Fang-Dong¹, HU Wen-You², LI Yuan^1,*

¹College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; ²Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China

Corresponding author: LI Yuan; E-mail: liyuan@ynau.edu.cn; Tel: 0871-65227550

Abstract:

Heavy metals pollution in soils has become a serious problem which was related to human survival and development. Although phytoremediation has been widely accepted and applied to control heavy metals pollution in soils, there are some disadvantages including slow plant growth, little biomass and low remediation efficiency. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are most widely distributed in nature as plant symbionts, and play an important role in promoting the phytoremediation of heavy metal–polluted soils. Under heavy metals–polluted condition, AMF have direct and indirect effects on host plants. The direct effects of external mycelium are to protect plant roots by filtering and chelating heavy metal ions in soils. The indirect effects include promoting plant to absorb the nutrients in soils, regulating environmental properties and heavy metals bioavailability in rhizosphere, and improving the physiological metabolism and growth of plants. Therefore, AMF enhance the host plant’s tolerance to heavy metals stress and alter the plant behaviors on uptake, transport and accumulation of heavy metals. We reviewed the latest research progress on the AMF application to phytoremediation of heavy metals–polluted soils, focused on the contribution and mechanisms of AMF in promoting the phytoremediation of heavy metals, and discussed the present problems and directions for future research.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; soil; heavy metal; phytoremediation